The field of labor relations covers the relationship between the management of a company and its unionized employees. The labor relations staff interprets and administers contracts with respect to grievances, wages and salaries, employee welfare, health care, pensions, union and management practices. Entry level jobs for local and national unions include organizing, representation (bargaining or grievance handling) and specializing in research, education, legislative affairs, occupational safety and health, etc. Jobs as "neutrals" typically require a master's or law degree. Neutrals work in state organizations (Public Employees Relation Commission, state mediation board), federal agencies (National Labor Relations Board, Federal Mediation & Conciliation Service, Federal Labor Relations Authority), or are self employed.

Entry level workers usually enter formal or on-the-job training programs. Later, they may advance to a managerial position, overseeing a major element of the labor relations program. A master's degree or higher is desirable for individuals seeking these and general top management positions. Many choose to pursue master's degrees in labor studies, law, industrial relations, business or human resources management.